ASME Ⅱ卷D篇表U数据作为设计校核中材料验收标准存在问题及探讨

ASME标准钢板对于短时高温抗拉数据无规定,但设备设计人员在校核时又要用到此数据,于是有些设计文件在技术要求中将ASME II卷表U的数据作为材料验收的标准。针对此种做法引发的争议及涉及的主要问题进行试验验证和分析探讨。研究结果表明,ASME II卷D篇表U中的数据是基于室温抗拉强度保证值,并根据拟合曲线将室温保证值提高了10%得到的,实测数据与ASME规范数据不一致,部分材料在250~350℃存在动态应变时效现象,但仍不满足设计要求。材料经模拟焊后热处理后性能下降,难以到达交货态的要求。给出了短时高温抗拉强度的选用建议。     

利用表面硬度值间接获取镐形截齿钎焊层力学性能的方法研究

利用维氏硬度实验和数值模拟相结合的方法,间接得出了截齿表面各区域材料所对应的屈服强度值,建立了一种由实验硬度值HV获取截齿焊接接头等不易测量区域力学性能参数的方法。     

Effect of clad ratio on interfacial microstructure and properties of cladding billets via direct-chill casting process

Numerical simulation and experiments were introduced to develop AA4045/AA3003 cladding billets with different clad-ratios. The temperature fields, microstructures and mechanical properties near interface were investigated in detail. The results show that cladding billets with different clad-ratios were fabricated successfully. Si and Mn elements diffused across the bonding interface and formed diffusion layer. With the increase of clad-layer thickness, the interfacial region transforms from semisolid–solid state to liquid–solid state and the diffusion layer increased from 10 to 25 μm. The hardness at interface is higher than that of AA3003 side but lower than that of the other side. The bonding strength increased with the clad-layer thickness, attributing to solution strengthening due to elements diffusion. The cladding billets were extruded into clad pipe by indirect extrusion process after homogenization. The clad pipe remained the interfacial characteristics of as-cast cladding billet and the heredity of clad-ratio during deformation was testified.     

1000MW等级超超临界锅炉张力板结构的强度计算及优化

张力板是锅炉螺旋管圈水冷壁的重要部件,其主要作用是通过槽型钢、张力板、手指板等一系列结构将螺旋管圈荷载传递至垂直管圈。本文利用有限元计算方法,对1000MW等级超超临界n型布置锅炉张力板及手指板结构强度进行计算分析。并根据计算结果,对该结构提出了优化方案。     

A comparative study on the effect of loading speed and surface scratches on the flexural strength of aluminosilicate glass: Annealed vs. chemically strengthened

Quasi-static and dynamic three-point-bending experiments were conducted on both annealed and chemically strengthened aluminosilicate glass scratched by different normal loads. Scratched areas were observed by optical microscope and atomic force microscope. Chemically strengthened glass shows better resistance to surface scratch. These dynamic experiments were carried out using a modified Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) device and a pulse-shaping technique was used to keep constant loading speed to the specimens. In tests, high-speed photography was also used to observe the failure process of the specimens. The test results showed that the flexural strength of aluminosilicate glass (AG) strongly depends on the applied loading speed. Compared with its annealed counterpart, the chemically strengthened glass (CSG) showed higher flexural strength to both static and dynamic loadings. Moreover, the three-point bending experiments were conducted on scratched AG and CSG specimens and decrease of 20–40% in flexural strength was observed. The fractography analysis showed that in dynamic loading conditions the fracture surface was not smooth and has more secondary cracks as compared to static loading.     

多层圆片级堆叠THz硅微波导结构的制作

基于微电子机械系统(MEMS)工艺,提出一种多层圆片堆叠的THz硅微波导结构及其制作方法。为了验证该结构在制作THz无源器件中的优势,基于6层圆片堆叠的硅微波导结构,设计了一种中心频率365 GHz、带宽80 GHz的功率分配/合成结构,并对其进行了仿真。研究了制作该结构的工艺流程,攻克了工艺过程中的关键技术,包括硅深槽刻蚀技术和多层热压键合技术,并给出了工艺结果。最终实现了多层圆片堆叠功率分配/合成结构的工艺制作和测试。测试结果表明,尽管样品的插入损耗较仿真值增加3 dB左右,考虑到加工误差和夹具损耗等情况,样品主要技术指标与设计值较为一致。     

Fe基非晶合金增强1060铝基多层复合材料的组织与性能

采用累积叠轧焊+中间退火法复合轧制1060Al/Fe基非晶多层铝合金复合板材。利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X-衍射分析仪以及拉伸试验机分析Al基复合材料的微观组织结构变化、断口形貌、物相组成以及力学性能。结果表明:Fe基非晶复合材料的增强体在300 ℃中间退火过程中发生部分晶化,在累积变形轧制过程中发生破碎,并随着变形道次的增加,破碎程度随之增大;复合板前6道次的累积轧制变形出现了明显的加工软化现象,并且随着变形道次的增加,其加工软化的效果愈明显;随着累积轧制变形道次增加,Al基复合材料的力学性能发生了明显的变化,第2道次轧制变形后屈服强度与抗拉强度达到了最大值为140 MPa和156 MPa,伸长率为5.53%,达到最佳综合性能。     

API X52管线钢与Corus RQT 701超高强钢的焊接工艺

针对超高强钢在机械行业的广泛使用,焊接接头易出现淬硬脆化、裂纹等缺陷的情况,采用焊条电弧焊(SMAW)和药芯气体保护焊(FCAW-GS)组合的焊接方法,对API X52管线钢与Corus RQT 701超高强钢的焊接进行了工艺试验,并进行常规力学性能试验。结果表明,通过合理匹配焊接工艺参数,严格控制低热输入量及层间温度,实现了小熔合比的异种钢焊接,且焊接接头具有良好的力学性能,达到了标准和规格书的要求;异种高强钢焊接,采用SMAW打底焊接和FCAWGS填充并盖面的方法,焊接效率较单纯采用焊条电弧焊工艺提高2倍以上。     

细粒尾矿综合利用技术研究

姑山矿业公司为提高细粒尾矿的综合利用率，研究分析了细粒尾矿的性质，系统研究了尾矿含量、煅烧工艺制度对不同成分体系尾矿陶粒堆积密度、表观密度、空隙率、吸水率、筒压强度及软化系数的影响。研究得出了全尾矿陶粒、细粒尾矿+污泥陶粒、细粒尾矿+污泥+粉煤灰陶粒3种成分体系的尾矿陶粒较优的尾矿含量及煅烧工艺制度，且3种尾矿陶粒均可代替石头用作粗集料。